![]() Specifically, reviewed literature suggests that utilizing the recreation opportunity spectrum framework and co-creative processes may be an effective path forward in better supporting urban park environments that are conducive to awe, solitude, and leisure. Relevant philosophical and social psychological literature is reviewed and synthesized to outline how land managers and environmental educators may facilitate experiences of awe and solitude to better promote contexts for experiencing outdoor leisure in urban parks. It is further argued that two specific social psychological constructs, awe and solitude, may be especially useful in promoting leisure experiences in urban outdoor spaces. In contrast to outdoor recreation, this critical essay argues outdoor leisure more heavily emphasizes eudaimonic sentiments and intrinsic motivation in comparison to the goal-oriented and hedonic nature of outdoor recreation. Outdoor leisure experiences may represent an understudied yet effective pathway to promote connectedness to nature for urban park visitors. This study advances theoretical understandings of the psycho-social-spiritual as it manifests within the dynamic relationship between humans and the urban environment, raises questions about the implications of these findings for the management of social-ecological systems, and suggests future research that delves into the practices of specific cultural and park user groups. We describe our findings and present a typology of psycho-social-spiritual engagement with natural areas in NYC parklands. Our approach is novel because it integrates data on park users from interviews, observations of activities, and material evidence of prior use of parklands. While specific practices may be culturally differentiated, we find that urban parks support psycho-social-spiritual well-being for a wide range of people who engage in practices that reflect personal desires to connect with nature and a larger reality, as well as via a broader set of practices focused on connecting with self and with others. Given our large and diverse sample, the data show that psycho-social-spiritual engagement with parkland is important across geographic, sociocultural, religious, and other identities throughout NYC. ![]() Our methods include interviews (n = 1,680), field observations, and photo documentation. Here we draw upon data from a social assessment of 40 New York City (NYC) parks spanning 11,200 acres and we focus on psycho-social-spiritual benefits that are co-produced by park users and parks. While there is a growing recognition that park users interact with these resources to promote well-being, the diversity of these practices and benefits is not fully appreciated. Black border.Urban parklands are biological and social resources. Reprints from Sixth Edition, Portal, and Starter.Ĭreated for Asian markets. ![]() ![]() TIP: Try typing in the latest copyright year to narrow down the list of possible symbols. Look for the set symbol (middle-right area of the card) and use the following table to look up the corresponding edition name. To look up your Magic cards you need to know the edition name (not printed on the card). This makes it hard to look them up online. Unlike other types of cards people collect, Magic cards don’t have a unique number printed on them.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |